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حدود کی تنفیذکی فضیلت

حدود کی تنفیذکی فضیلت
اسلام میں حدود قائم کرنے کی میں بہت فضیلت بیان کی گئی ہے۔ ذیل میں چند روایات نقل کی جاتی ہیں:
﴿تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۔ ﴾33
"یہ اللہ کی مقرر کردہ حدیں ہیں ، جو اللہ اور اس کے رسول کی اطاعت کرے گا، اسے اللہ ایسے باغات میں داخل فرمائے گا جن کے نیچے نہریں بہتی ہیں ۔ "
گویا کہ اللہ کی حدود میں رہنا اللہ اور اس کے رسول ﷺ کا مطیع و فرمانبرار بننا اور شریعت مطہرہ کے احکامات کے مطابق زندگی گزارنا سمجھا جائے گا ، جس پر جنت کا وعدہ کیا جارہا ہے۔ اسی طرح حضرت ابو ہریرہ (م:59ھ)سے مروی ہے کہ رسول اللہ ﷺ نے ارشاد فرمایا
" حَدٌّ يُعْمَلُ بِهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ، خَيْرٌ لِأَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ مِنْ أَنْ يُمْطَرُوا أَرْبَعِينَ صَبَاحًا ۔"34
"روئے زمین پر کسی حد پر عمل کیا جانا اہل زمین کے لیے چالیس دن کی بارش برسنے سے زیادہ بہتر ہے۔ "
حضرت ابوہریرہ (م:59ھ)سے روایت ہے کہ رسول اللہﷺ نے فرمایا
" إِقَامَةُ حَدٍّ يُعْمَلُ بِأَرْضٍ خَيْرٌ لِأَهْلِهَا مِنْ مَطَرٍ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً "35
"اللہ کی حدود میں کسی حد کا قائم کرنا چالیس رات پانی برسنے سے بہتر ہے۔ "
حد گناہوں کا کفارہ ہے، جیسا کہ خزیمہ بن ثابت  سے مروی ہے کہ رسول اللہ ﷺ نے ارشاد فرمایا
" قال من أصاب ذنبا أقيم عليه حد ذلك الذنب فهو كفارته۔"36
"جب کوئی گناہ کرتا ہے اس پر جب حد لگ جائےتوحد اس کے گناہ کا کفارہ ہے۔ "
دنیا میں حد جاری ہونے پر سزا ملتی ہے لیکن آخرت میں یہ بھی نہیں ہوگی، جیسا کہ حضرت علی نے فرمایا
" مَنْ أَصَابَ حَدًّا فَعُجِّلَ عُقُوبَتَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَاللَّهُ أَعْدَلُ مِنْ أَنْ يُثَنِّيَ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ العُقُوبَةَ فِي الآخِرَةِ،...

الالتفات في القرآن الكريم دراسة تحليلية

The paper deals with the different styles  of iltifāt  found in the Holy Qur’ān  and coming out with a general scheme to account for its occurrence in order to enhance the understanding of the subtleties of this feature of Qur’ān ic style. To accomplish this, the research was carried out by way of an analytical study of the instances of iltifāt  in the Holy Qur’ān. As a prelude to the discussion of this subject, the research provides the meaning of iltifāt  among the Arab rhetoricians and the status of iltifāt  as one of the rhetorical tropes. The paper also discussed the significations of iltifāt  which have already been mentioned by previous scholars, and since those scholars touched on the significations only briefly, therefore, the research strived to explore further aspects of their interpretations making an effort to highlight new significations of iltifat and an attempt to introduce a new approach in looking at the iltifāt  phenomenon, in different Sura’hs of          Qur’ān, to demonstrate the application of this new perspective. Finally the research shows that the occurrence of iltifÉt in the Qur’ān  follows certain patterns that are related to the intended significations at the various locations where they appear in the Qur’ān.

New Methods for Null Steering in the Field of Adaptive Beamforming

In this dissertation two categories of adaptive beamforming algorithms have been studied. In first category the adaptive beamforming has been applied for null steering whereas in second category it has been applied for direction of arrival mismatch problem to avoid performance degradation of the beamformers. New algorithms have been contributed in both categories. In case of first category a specific structure has been proposed which provides independent steering of all the available nulls present in the radiation pattern of an array antenna. The idea is based on decoupling of the complex weights employed with each antenna element to provide adaptively by controlling their values. This results in a proposed specific structure. The proposed structure is further improved by incorporating sidelobe suppression capability. Second Order Cone Programming has been used to get the appropriate set of weights to be utilized in the proposed structure. Similarly, the method for improving beam symmetry around the desired signal direction is also incorporated. These additional features are included over the cost of number of steerable nulls. A tailored Genetic Algorithm is proposed to compute the weight vector required to incorporate the proposed structure for beam symmetry. The second part of dissertation is meant for the second category of adaptive beamformers applied for direction of arrival mismatch problem. Performance of these beamformers degrades severely whenever there is a mismatch between the presumed and actual direction of desired signal impinging on an antenna array. A Robust Generalized Sidelobe Canceller has been proposed in this domain as remedial measure to restore the performance. The major advantage of proposed algorithm is that it provides improved results without broadening the main beam. This feature is an added advantage in comparison with the previously existing techniques. For this purpose the blocking matrix present in GSC has been modified without disturbing the quiescent weight vector. This results in robustness against signal look direction error without broadening the main beam. The simulation results confirm the improved performance of the beamformer. Another approach in this domain is based on diagonal loading of signal and data covariance matrices, involved in subsequent computations. The amount of this diagonal loading level is very critical which must not exceed a specific level to ensure the positive definite behavior of signal covariance matrix. This is a standard requirement for the convergence of existing general rank algorithms. Currently, there exists no reliable criterion for deciding the amount of diagonal loading level. In this context a new algorithm has been contributed to decide the amount of diagonal loading. Proposed algorithm is iterative in nature and uses the beam symmetry around the presumed signal direction to decide the level.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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