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محمد اقبال منہاس

محمد اقبال منہاس(۱۹۴۱ء۔۱۹۹۰ء) نام اور اقبالؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ آپ کے آباؤ اجداد کا تعلق پسرور سے تھا۔ آپ کے والد ملازمت کے سلسلے میں عراق میں مقیم تھے۔ جہاں اقبال منہاس پیدا ہوئے۔ آپ نے انٹر سے ایم ۔انگلش تک تعلیم گورنمنٹ مرے کالج سیالکوٹ سے حاصل کی۔ انھوں نے انگریزی ادب میں ڈاکٹریٹ کی ڈگری بھی حاصل کی ۔آپ دوران طالب علمی’’ مرے کالج میگزین ‘‘کے حصہ اردو کے مدیر بھی رہے۔ اور اسی کالج میں بحیثیت استاد بھی کام کیا۔ (۹۶۵) منہاس کے علمی و ادبی ،تحقیقی و تنقیدی مضامین اور غزلیں ’’شمع‘‘ ،دہلی ،’’سیپ‘‘، ’’فنون‘‘ ،’’اوراق‘‘،’’افکار‘‘ اور ’’رابطہ‘‘ میں شائع ہو چکی ہیں۔ آپ کا ایک شعری مجموعہ ’’آبِ گریزاں‘‘ شائع ہو چکا ہے جسے معروف شاعر طاہر نظامی نے مرتب کیا ہے۔ ’’آب گریزاں‘‘ میں نظمیں ،غزلیں ،قطعات اور رباعیات شامل ہیں۔

اقبال منہاس کی شاعری کے لہجے میں نیا پن پایا جاتا ہے۔ ان کے ہاں موضوعات کی جدت، جدید حسیات اور نئی لفظیات ملتی ہیں:

وہ لوگ پھول سے کومل وجود رکھتے ہیں

 

وہ جن کے دامن رنگین میں خار ہوتے ہیں

 

شمع جلے نہ کوئی پھول ہی کھلے جن پر

 

وہی تو اہلِ وفا کے مزار ہوتے ہیں

(۹۶۶)

áاقبالؔ ایک حساس شاعر اور حساس انسان ہیں ۔ وہ عام انسانوں کے مقابلے میں معاشرہ میں ہونیوالی نا انصافیوں اور استحصال کو جلد محسوس کرتے ہیں۔ اقبال منہاس اپنے ارد گرد ظلم ، معاشی و سماجی نا ہمواری اور انسانی بے بسی کو دیکھتے ہیں تو خاموش تماشائی نہیں بنتے۔ ان کی شخصیت اور شاعری میں ایک محتاط رویہ بھی ملتا ہے۔ اور...

Difference in the Characteristics of Imposter Syndrome in Dental Students of Preclinical and Clinical Phase

Background: People suffering from imposter syndrome despite being competent consider themselves less skillful and incapable. Such individuals are also more prone to regret their choice of career with consequent early drop out, experience burnout, more prone to medical errors, absenteeism and low job satisfaction.  The current study aims to determine the difference in the characteristics of imposter syndrome in dental students of preclinical and clinical phase and its gender predisposition. Objectives: 1. To find out the frequency and characteristics of imposter syndrome among dental students. 2. To evaluate the differences in the characteristics of imposter syndrome among dental students of preclinical and clinical year. 3. To determine gender predisposition of imposter syndrome among dental students. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 dental students of CMH Lahore Medical and Dental College. A validated questionnaire (Clance IP Scale) containing 20 items with 5-point Likert scale was used to collect data by convenient sampling technique. The characteristics of IP were determined by adding the scores of all items. Descriptive statistics were done, chi-square applied, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: One hundred and thirty-eight students filled the IP Scale. The frequency of imposter syndrome is found to be 52.1% among Dental Students. Majority (72) of the dental students have frequent to intense imposter feelings. There is non-significant difference in the IP characteristics of male and female students. No significant difference in the characteristics of imposter syndrome is found between dental students of preclinical and clinical year. Conclusions: There frequency of imposter syndrome is high among Dental students. Non-significant difference in the IP characteristics is found between male and female students as well as students of preclinical and clinical year.

Barriers in Conducting Research at Post Graduate Level in Public and Private Sector Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Research plays a significant role in the development of a country. A country cannot progress without establishing a sound research system in its higher education institutions. It is a national dilemma that a conducive research environment could not flourish in Pakistani universities. However, Higher Education Commission (HEC) has been striving hard to promote international level research culture in the country since its establishment. Even though, researchers face so many barriers in conducting research at postgraduate level programs at higher education institutions especially in the provinces which need to be identified and addressed. The purpose of this study was to identify the main barriers and analyze the opinions of supervisors and scholars about various barriers in conducting research at postgraduate level at public and private sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose eight (08) universities (four each in public and private sector) were randomly selected by the researcher as a sample. The sample consisted of 640 respondents including four each from the disciplines of natural and social sciences. The scholar received 521 responses out of 640. A questionnaire comprising of 50 items and one open ended question was designed. Data was analyzed using mean, percentage, standard deviation and t–test, while open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis method. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents (supervisors and scholars) were on the same page regarding the barriers (supervisory, financial, social, personal, and administrative) in conducting research at postgraduate level programs in both the sectors. A significant difference of opinions was observed among the views of the respondents about the role of supervisors in public and private universities which may be due to the number of available supervisors and students’ strength. The nature of program did not prove to be a strong variable in producing significant change in the opinions about the barriers except a disagreement was noticed about social barriers among the respondents of public sector universities. There was no difference in the opinion of male and female respondents about barriers in the research process. The discipline of the respondents showed similar responses about the barriers except the data revealed difference of opinions about supervisory barriers in private sector universities. Content analysis revealed that supervisors had reservations about the scholars (passive attitude, lack of academic skills) and administration (lack of HEC approved supervisors, less remuneration, lack of resources) while the scholars too had concerns regarding supervisors (part-time availability, lack of research expertise, paucity of time due to academic and administrative responsibilities) and administration (non-availability of research grant, lengthy topic approval procedure, non-availability of resources, imbalanced supervisor-supervisee ratio). The study concludes by identifying and comparing views of the respondents about the barriers that are creating hurdles in postgraduate research at public and private sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as well as suggesting areas where future work might build on the findings of the study.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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