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احسن مارہروی

احسنؔ مارہروی
احسنؔ مرحوم اردو کے کہنہ مشق شاعر اور قواعد زبان کے بڑے عالم تھے۔ حضرت داغؔ دہلوی سے تلمذ رکھتے تھے۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ احسنؔ کے کلام میں بھی فصاحت وبلاغت اوریجنلٹی اورروانی داغؔ کے رنگ کی پائی جاتی ہے۔مرحوم کا اصل وطن مارہرہ تھا۔ کئی سال تک مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ میں اردو کے لیکچرر رہے۔۱۸۹۶ء میں’’ریاض سخن‘‘کے نام سے ایک گلدستۂ اشعارجاری کیا۔ پھر لاہور سے غالباً استادداغؔ کی یادگار میں’’فصیح الملک‘‘نام کا ایک ماہنامہ نکالا۔نثر میں اُن کی تصنیف’’تاریخ نثراردو‘‘بہت مشہور ہے۔اس کے علاوہ ولیؔ دکنی کے ضخیم دیوان کی تصحیح وترتیب بڑی محنت وجانفشانی سے کی اور داغؔ مرحوم کے غیر مطبوعہ کلام کومرتب کرکے’’یادگار داغ‘‘کے نام سے شائع کیا۔موصوف شاعری کے علاوہ صورۃً وسیرۃً بھی طرزقدیم کے بزرگ تھے۔حق تعالیٰ انہیں جواررحمت میں ابرار وصلحاء کامقام عطافرمائے۔آمین [اکتوبر۱۹۴۰ء]

 

Revising Islamic Studies Courses for Improving Cordial Interfaith Relations in Nigeria: A Case Study of Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina, Nigeria

Nigeria has been, for the last four decades, struggling with the menace of inter-religious hostilities between Christians and Muslims who formed the largest religious groups in the country. Numerous policies and programs brokered by various Governments and non-Governmental organizations to curtail the situation failed to yield the desired result. Islamic studies as one of the widely offered programs in the Nigerian universities has the prospect of offering solution to the predicament. However, the courses taught in the program are mainly studies on the Qur’an, Hadith, Tauhid, Ibadat, Fiqh, Islamic civilization, thought and history without single course on interfaith relations. Taking Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina (UMYUK)-Nigeria, as a study case, this paper attempts to draft and propose the inclusion of interfaith relations courses in the curriculum of Islamic Studies programs at the university level in Nigeria for realization of peaceful coexistence in the country. The researcher uses primary data from the Qur’an and sunnah as well as secondary data from different sources. The paper employs exegetical methods and adopts content analysis in the process of conducting the research. The article recommends merging of duplicated courses in the existing curriculum and inclusion of the proposed courses by the Nigerian universities and other institutions of higher learning that offer various Islamic studies programs for the attainment of peaceful interfaith relations in the country.

Association of Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Polymorphism to the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Local Populaion

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly common metabolic disorder with a substantial inherited component. The inheritance pattern is complex and polymorphisms of several genes might influence genetic susceptibility of the disease that is characterized by islet dysfunction and insulin resistance. Although various characteristics of diabetes mellitus in local population have been investigated, progress in defining genetic factors is meager. As the genetic architecture of T2DM may vary between diverse ethnic populations, it is critical that such variants are examined in Pakistani population. The present project was aimed to investigate association of vitamin D receptor(VDR) gene polymorphisms with T2DM in Pakistan. Methodolgy included documentation of demographic charateristics and comparative analysis of biochemical parameters (glucose, HbA1c, vitamin D, lipid profile, liver function tests and renal function tests)in diabetic and normal participants. Genomic DNA was used for genotyping of four restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) sites; BsmI, ApaI, TaqI and FokI by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications and restriction endonuclease digestion of the products. The digested PCR products were separated on agarose gel electrophoresis. Among all the demographic parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and BMI (body mass index) were significantly higher (p<0.001) in diabetic group as compared to the control group. Hyperglycemia, renal and lipid profiles were significantly inversely associated (p<0.01) to vitamin D levels in T2DM subjects.Differences of FokI, BsmI and TaqI genotypes of VDR gene were significant between T2DM and normal groups (p<0.01).While ApaI showed non-significant association to the T2DM in local population. No significant association was found between biochemical parameters and all four restriction sites (ApaI, BsmI, FokI and TaqI) (p>0.01). In addition, VDR gene polymorphisms were related non-significantly (p>0.05) to the diabetic complications in the present study. To conclude, VDR gene polymorphisms (BsmI, FokI and TaqI) may contribute to the onset and progression of T2DM in local Pakistani population but association between VDR genetic polymorphisms to various diabetic complications is still not clear and warrants additional functional genomics studies to verify the genetic susceptibility of VDR gene to T2DM onset and progress.
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