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خان بہادر ظفرحسین خان

خان بہادر ظفر حسین خاں
دوسرا حادثہ بہادر ظفر حسین خاں کی وفات کا ہے، وہ بھی اس علمی بزم کی یادگار تھے، اس لیے ان کے تعلقات بھی دارالمصنفین سے دیرینہ تھے، وہ انسپکٹر آف اسکولس کے عہدہ پر ممتاز تھے، اس سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد کچھ دنوں تک شیعہ کالج کے پرنسپل رہے، ادھر عرصہ سے عزلت نشینی کی زندگی بسر کررہے تھے، مگر تالیف و تصنیف کا سلسلہ آخر تک جاری رہا، ان کا خاص موضوع فلسفہ تھا اور اس کی تاریخ پر ان کی نظر بہت وسیع تھی، اس موضوع پر ان کی کئی تصانیف ہیں، ان کی ایک تصنیف مقالہ روسو عرصہ ہوا اور دوسری مال و مشیت ابھی چند سال ہوئے دارالمصنفین سے شائع ہوئی تھی، آخرالذکر کتاب پر ان کو ساہتیہ اکیڈمی سے پانچ ہزار انعام ملا تھا، انجمن ترقی اردو ہند سے بھی ان کی بعض فلسفیانہ تصانیف شائع ہوئیں، اﷲ تعالیٰ دونوں خدام علم کو مغفرت فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اگست ۱۹۶۱ء)

متقدمین و متاخرین فقہا کی آراء کی روشنی میں مال حرام کا منافع

Islam teaches its follower purification in every walk of life, be itassociated with creed, character, worship or economic activities; it is advised that they should avoid contaminated substance. Unlawful income (Maal-eHaram) is also prohibited by sharia to be earned or kept in custody; . However types of unlawful income are more than few, for instance riba, robbery, bribery etc and Sharia scholars have different views about each one of them, similarly opinions of sharia scholars are also different on profit earned on the lawful investment of unlawful income. In this paper, sharia guidelines regarding lawful and unlawful income is presented, different types of unlawful income and views of sharia scholars regarding the income and profit earnedfrom the investment of the same are mentioned with arguments, in the end suggestions are given in light of present era regarding each type of unlawful income.

Prevalence of Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Healthcare Workers at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi

Objective: To establish the prevalence of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthcare workers (HCW) at Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUHN). Background: Healthcare workers are a major reservoir of MRSA and may play a role in the spread of nosocomial MRSA infections. MRSA can cause significant morbidity and mortality. There is both molecular and epidemiological evidence linking HCW to MRSA outbreaks. Method: A cross sectional study conducted between July and December 2010. Nasal swabs were taken from 246 randomly selected HCW from various departments.MRSA was identified using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates was done using the broth dilution MIC technique. Results: The prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA was 0% (95% CI:0.0%-1.5%) while that of methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was 18.3% (95% CI: 14.0%-23.6%). Carriage of MSSA was significantly higher in males (p=0.001, OR 5.74:2.09-15.77). Carriage was highest among HCW in the intensive care/high dependency units at 37%. Resistance to more than one class of antibiotics was seen in 37.7% of isolates. Prevalence of Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) was 24.4%. Conclusion: The absence of nasal carriage of MRSA by HCW working in AKUHN suggests that they are unlikely to be the source of infections caused by MRSA in patients attending AKUHN. Screening of HCW for nasal carriage of MRSA at AKUHN should be limited to an outbreak setting. The presence of the exotoxin PVL as well as the presence of multidrug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus shows that HCW can still be a potential source of infections caused by MSSA.
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