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اختر انیس

اختر انیس
ناظرین معارف کو یہ خبر سن کر بہت رنج ہوگا کہ جناب اختر انیس سینئر جنرل منیجر بی۔سی۔سی۔آئی نے لندن میں انتقال کیا، ان کا وطن اعظم گڑھ تھا اور وہ دارالمصنفین کے سب سے زیادہ حاضر باش جناب امین الدین صاحب مرحوم کے خویش تھے، اختر انیس مرحوم بڑے متین و سنجیدہ شخص تھے، بڑے عہدہ پر ہونے کے باوجود ان میں غرور و تمکنت نام کو بھی نہ تھی۔ ان کی وفات سے دارالمصنفین اپنے ایک بہت مخلص ہواخواہ سے محروم ہوگیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو جنت الفردوس عطا فرمائے، آمین۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، جولائی ۱۹۸۸ء)

مقاصد الإسلام في تحقيق السلام

This research focused on highlighting the purposes of Islam in achieving peace. This paper explains how Islam is the religion of peace and security for the worlds. Its provisions, legislations and purposes ensured all mankind the right to security and security of all kinds: Psychological security, financial security, social security and other types of security which ensure that humanity can live in peace. This is without any kind of these securities being subjected to any slight aggression, sabotage, deprivation or injustice, and if any of that happens then it would be a manifestation of violence and terrorism that is neither accepted nor recognized by Islam which is the religion of peace. The research has shown that Islam has preceded all international laws and norms with respect to the legalization of human rights in peace and war times alike and the sanctioning of those who violate them in this world and in the Hereafter. This is done with supporting evidence from the Quran, the Sunnah, the work of the leaders of Muslim Ummah throughout the Islamic centuries, and the testimonies of non-Muslims who have lived the mercy of Islam and come to know the observance of Islam of human rights. The aims of the research are: To demonstrate the legitimate purposes that Islam has brought to preserve human dignity and security. To show the precedence and superiority of Islamic law in the field of human rights care. To highlight the rich Islamic heritage of human values and civilization through the rules of humanitarian dealing in Islamic jurisprudence in war and peace, and the contributions of the purposes of the Sharia in the development of rules for the preservation of rights and freedoms.

Pollination Efficiency and Role of Managed Honeybees Apis Mellifera L. in Yield Response of Canola under Rainfed Conditions

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil seed crop in Pakistan having the potential of bridge gap between consumption and production of edible oil in the country. Canola has high potential of yield but due to many limiting factors, farmers in Pakistan are getting three times less production than developed countries. One of these factors is the insufficient crop pollination. Pollination is an essential ecosystem service andcan be provided by managed pollinators (honeybees and other insects). A two year study was designed to assess the possible role of Apis mellifera managed pollination to enhance the yield of Brassica napus in Gujar Khan, Rawalpindi during 2015 and 2016. Pollen sources of A. mellifera during blooming period of B. napus comprised of 11.11% ornamentals, 33.33% weeds, 22.22% shrubs, 22.22% herbs and 11.11% crops. Quantification of pollens transported by A. mellifera reflected maximum pollens of B. napus followed by Calendula officinalus and Sonchus asper. Studies about determination of colony level pollination efficiency of A. mellifera on B. napus crop depicted that on average maximum colony foraging rate of A. mellifera foragers with pollen loads (281.2 bees/ ten minutes) was observed at 1200 hours on 10-02-2015 (6th weekly interval). Weather factors influenced the activity of A. mellifera colony foraging rate in the field conditions. A. mellifera foragers with pollen loads attained maximum colony foraging activity on 10-02-2015 (6th weekly interval) when the temperature was 21.5 ̊C and average R.H. was 60%. Colony condition of A. mellifera varied throughout the blooming period of B. napus. Maximum brood and stored food area of bees were observed at the end week of B. napus blooming period. xxiv Observations were made about insect pollinators’ visited B. napus throughout the blooming period. Out of thirty five species belonging to five orders and twenty families were recorded. A. mellifera was most frequent visitor comprised 87.66%. Managed A. mellifera had significant effect on yield of B. napus in response to two different treatments. The results about total numbers of pods plant-1, numbers of seeds plant-1 and seed weight pods-100showed significant differences between treatments and revealed that treatment T2 (Open plot free visit of bees+ other pollinators) gave maximum yield as compared to treatment T1 (Cages plants without honeybees). Seed quality parameters of B. napus crop also affected bytwo different treatments (T1=Cages plants without honeybees, T2= Open plot free visit of bees+ other pollinators). Hive distances also affected on colony level pollination efficiency in A. mellifera on B. napus. Colony foraging rate at different hive distances from the B. napus crop proved that colony foraging rate of A.mellifera started to decrease after 200m hives distance. Maximum foraging rate of A. mellifera was at 100m hives distance from B. napus. Effect of beehives distance from B. napus on brood and food stored area of A. mellifera showed that maximum brood and stored food area was found in hives placed at 100m distance from B. napus crop. Overall recommendation for using managed A. mellifera as an important pollinator of B. napus proved that seed yield of B. napus increased with managed pollination of A. mellifera as well as brood and stored food area of A. mellifera also increased with blooming progression of B. napus.
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