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مولانا سلیمان اشرف

مولانا سید محمد سلیمان اشرف
چار سلیمانوں کی رباعی قاضی محمد سلیمان صاحب مصنف رحمتہ للعالمین کی وفات سے مثلث ہوگئی تھی، شاہ سلیمان صاحب پھلواروی کی رحلت سے وہ فرد بن گئی تھی، اب اخیر اپریل ۱۹۳۹؁ء میں مولانا سلیمان اشرف صاحب (استاذ دینیات مسلم یونیورسٹی) کی موت سے مصرع ہوکر رہ گئی، دیکھنا یہ ہے کہ یہ مصرع بھی دنیا کی زبان پر کب تک رہتاہے۔
بہت آگے گئے باقی جو ہیں تیار بیٹھے ہیں
مولانا سید محمد سلیمان اشرف صاحب مرحوم بہار کے ایک مردم خیز دیہات کے رہنے والے اور شرفائے سادات کے خاندان سے تھے، ان کے والد مرحوم حکیم عبداﷲ صاحب اور ان کے اعمامِ محترم مولانا عبدالقادر صاحب، مولوی عبدالرزاق صاحب، مولوی عبدالغنی صاحب و مولانا عبید اﷲ صاحب اہل علم و فقر تھے، مولانا مرحوم نے درس کا بڑا حصہ مولانا محمد احسن صاحب استھانوی بہاری سے حاصل کیا تھا اور کچھ دن دارالعلوم ندوہ میں بسر کئے تھے، اور آخر میں مظق و فلسفہ کی آخری کتابیں مولانا ہدایت اﷲ خان صاحب رامپوری ثم الجونپوری سے پڑھی تھیں، جو یورپ میں خیر آبادی سلسلہ کے خاتم تھے، مولانا سید سلیمان اشرف صاحب مرحوم کو حقیقت یہ ہے کہ اپنے استاد کے ساتھ عقیدت ہی نہیں، بلکہ عشق تھا، ان کے حالات وہ جب کبھی سناتے تھے، تو ان کے طرز بیان گفتار کی ہراد اسے ان کی والہانہ عقیدت تراوش کرتی تھی۔
مرحوم خوش اندام، خوش لباس، خوش طبع، نظافت پسند، سادہ مزاج اور بے تکلف تھے، ان کی سب سے بڑی خوبی ان کی خودداری اور اپنی عزت نفس کا احساس تھا، ان کی ساری عمر علی گڑھ میں گذری جہاں امراء اور ارباب جاہ کا تانتا لگا رہتا تھا، مگر انھوں نے کبھی کسی کی خوشامد نہیں کی، اور نہ ان میں سے کسی سے دب...

Public Management: A New Public Service Oriented Concept of Public Service

This article discusses the application of the new public service concept in serving the public. This is based on the Public Administration Problem in its development which has gone through several stages. As one of the countries in the world, of course, it is part of the global administration system, which always develops in accordance with the development of contradictions and mutual relations between nations in the world. So that the implementation of the new public service can have an impact on the implementation of the New Public Service with an awareness of the real role of the state. It is no longer authoritarian or still chooses who has the right to receive services from the State. In the current context, the practice of Public Administration has led to the principles of the New Public Service paradigm.

Scalable Distributed Hash Table Based Routing With Distributed Partition Detection and Mergig I Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Distributed Hash Table (DHT)-based routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) completely eliminates flooding at the control plane as well as at the data plane, thus makes the network scalable. In DHT-based MANETs, a logical structured network is built over the ad hoc physical topology in a fully distributed manner and routing is performed using logical identifiers (i.e. transient addresses) rather using IP addresses. This thesis investigates the DHT-based routing paradigm in MANETs and points out that existing state-of-the-art DHT routing protocols assume ideal network environments and, ignore the adversarial environment offered by MANETs. Limited radio range, mobility, lack of infrastructure and decentralized nature introduce frequent and unpredictable changes to network topology in MANETs (i.e. connectivity/dis-connectivity, node(s)/link(s) failure, network partition, frequent merging). The network dynamics severely damage the logical structured network (i.e. the logical space (LS) distributed among the nodes) and completely halt communication. Specifically, existing work fails to address issues such as node(s)/link(s) failure and its impact (i.e. anchor node failure and lookups), network partitioning, lost LS recovery and reusing (i.e. disrupted LS) and merging considerations. Curtailing the information loss due to the network dynamics is imperative for the successful communication in DHT networks. Similarly, the key factor that defines overall routing performance in DHT networks is the successful resolution of lookup requests with minimum possible delay. However, we found that existing DHT protocols suffer from longer delay and, fail to ensure the successful resolution of the lookup requests. Therefore, effective distributed solutions under the scalability constraints are needed to tolerate the faults in the logical network and to provide end-to-end connectivity in such an adversarial environment. It is worthy to mention that the targeted problems are completely unexplored and had never been addressed by the research community. For the first time, we are exploring the problems and providing solutions under the constraints. The first part of our work explores the impact of network dynamics on the intrinsics of DHT routing (i.e. lookup requests and successful resolution with minimum delay). A novel address publication mechanism, also called Anchor Request, is proposed. The mechanisms exploit k-hop topological information to detect critical regions in the network and replicate the index information (stored on the anchor node) across those regions. The considered prefailure measures (i.e critical regions detection and replication) are found to have good side effects on the resolution of lookup requests and delay, despite the failures. Simulation results endorse the significant gains in terms of lookup delay and success ratio. The second part targets the problems of distributed partition detection, unavailability of the anchor node due to partition, lost logical space (LS) recovery and reusing, and merging in DHT networks. We are using the philosophies of detection, replication and recovery to solve the identified problems. The proposed solutions ensure access to the index information despite the network partition. Similarly, prior to the network partition event, LS recovery and reusing is performed, this contributes an evenly distributed and connected logical network. The LS recovery process maintains evenly distributed LSs in each instance of the network after partition. Also, this sets grounds for smooth merging of the disjoint instances. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.
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