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اظہارِ تشکر

اظہارِ تشکر
اقرار مصطفیٰ
اللہ تبارک و تعالیٰ کے نہایت فضل و کرم اور نبیِ مکرمﷺ کے وسیلہ ٔ جمیلہ کے سبب نعتیہ مجموعہ’’ حسنِ کُن‘‘(مسدسِ مصطفیٰؐ)مسدس کی صورت میںمکمل ہوا۔ عہدِ رواں انتشار و خلفشار اور طرح طرح کے زوالی فتنوں کا عہد ہے۔ مسائل کی فراوانی اور وسائل کی کم یابی کے باعث ضروریات ِ حیات کو پورا کرنا وبالِ جان بن چکا ہے۔ ایسے میں خواہشات کی تکمیل کے لیے پر تولنا ، کم فہمی اور دیوانے کے خواب کے مترادف ہے۔مگر کچھ خواہشات ،ضروریات ِ حیات سے بھی بڑھ کے ہوتی ہیں کیوں کہ ان کا تعلق ایمان ومحبت سے جڑا ہوتا ہے اور اہلِ ایمان و محبت کا اعتقاد و یقین سے بھرپور او رمسلم نظریہ یہ ہے کہ تعلقِ خاطر خالصتاً نبی ِ آخرالزماں ﷺ سے ہو تو خواہشوں کی تکمیل کے خواب کو تعبیر میں ڈھلنے کے اسباب خود بہ خود پیدا ہوجاتے ہیں یا اسباب پیدا کر دیے جاتے ہیں۔ موجودہ نامساعد حالات کے پیشِ نظر ، مجھ ایسے کم مایا کا مجموعہ منصہ شہود پر آنا درحقیقت احمد رضاؒ خاں بریلوی کے اس شعر کے مصداق ہے:
کون دیتا ہے دینے کو منہ چاہیے
دینے والا ہے سچا ہمارا نبیؐ
عزیزانِ من! حُسنِ کُن‘‘مسدس کی ہئیت میں لکھا گیا ہے۔ اسمِ محمدﷺ اور اسمِ احمدﷺ کے اعداد کا مجموعہ 145بنتا ہے، اسی نسبت سے مسدس کے بندوں کی تعداد 145رکھی گئی ہے اور اسی وجہ کے پیشِ نظر اس میں خصوصی طور پہ یہ التزام ملحوظ رکھا گیا ہے کہ یہ موضوع ، موضوعِ نعت ہے اور یہ سراپا نعت ہی رہے۔
الحمد للہ!’’ حُسنِ کُن‘‘ (مسدسِ مصطفیٰؐ) حسنِ نعت سے مزین ہے۔ پھر بھی یہ بات اپنی جگہ صد فی صد درست ہے کہ:
حق تو یہ ہے کہ حق ادا نہ ہوا
خواہش اور دعا...

Representation of Gender in Pakistani Comedy Dramas

Media in its various forms has become a significant part of everyday social life. It influences both how we see ourselves and the world around us to some extent. At different screens of media, images of men and women are presented in different ways and with different characteristics. Studies have been conducted at large regarding representation of gender in movies and television drama serials. This paper was meant to be an addition to this vast canvas of research through analysis of gender representation in the comedy dramas of Pakistan. According to West and Zimmerman’s theory of ‘doing gender’, gender is performed by the people in their everyday actions and interactions. Keeping in view the concept of doing gender this study analyzed roles of males and females and tried to find out how different characters maintain their gender identities in comedy dramas. Results suggested that the characters were, at many places, observed to be acting contrary to the roles associated to their genders by the society. They did or performed gender to maintain their identities.

Microbial Acc-Deaminase May Improve the Efficiency of Rhizobium Inoculation in Mung Bean under Salt Affected Conditions

High ethylene concentration under different environmental stresses such as salinity is one of the contributing factors for premature senescence of different plant parts. Plants under salinity stress produce increased levels of ethylene which inhibit the plant growth. Microbial 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-deaminase is the enzyme which is present in some strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). These PGPR alone and also in combination with rhizobial strains promote plant growth by lowering the endogenous level of ethylene along with some other mechanisms. A number of rhizobacterial and Rhizobium strains were isolated from rhizosphere and nodules of mung bean, respectively. The rhizobacterial strains were screened on the basis of ACC metabolism assay. The selected rhizobacterial strains containing ACC-deaminase activity and Rhizobium were assessed for their ability to tolerate salt stress by conducting osmoadaptation assay. These strains were further screened for their ability to promote growth of mung bean seedlings under salt-stressed axenic conditions in growth pouch/jar trials. Three most effective strains of PGPR (Mk1, Pseudomonas syrigae; Mk20, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Mk25, Pseudomonas fluorescens Biotype G), and Rhizobium phaseoli (M1, M6 and M9) were screened in co-inoculation for their growth promoting activity at original, 4 and 6 dS m-1 under axenic conditions. Strains from three most effective combinations were tested alone and in combinations in pot and field trials for their potential to improve growth, nodulation and yield of mung bean under salt- affected conditions. Results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth, some physiological parameters, nodulation and yield but inoculation with PGPR containing ACC-deaminase and rhizobia improved these, thus reducing the inhibitory effect of salinity. However, their combined application was more effective under salinity and the co-inoculation with PGPR strain Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizobium phaseoli was the most efficient for improving growth, nodulation, physiology and yield of mung bean. The effect of high ethylene concentrations on plant growth and performance of these strains for reducing this negative impact was also evaluated by conducting classical triple-response bioassay. Intensity of the classical triple response decreased due to inoculation with these strains as the root/shoot length of inoculated mung bean seedlings increased while stem diameter decreased which is typical indication of the dilution in classical triple response. Such bacteria could be very effective as co- inoculants to improve growth, physiology, nodulation and yield of mung bean under salt affected conditions. However, the degree to which these inoculants impart benefits to plant growth can vary with the conditions and PGPR strains. A PGPR strain with multiple traits could be more useful under diverse conditions compared to a strain containing single trait.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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