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ہم جنس پرستی

لوطی حرکات ہم جنس پرستی

                یہ انسانی معاشرہ ہے انسان خطا کا پتلاہے ،لیکن ابلیس کے پیروکار یہ لوگ اسی انسانی معاشرے میں بظاہر خود پر انسانیت کا لبادہ اوڑھے حیوانیت کو ترویج دیتے ہوئے ،انسانی حدود سے  ہی باہرنکل جاتے ہیں۔نا صرف خود اس کام میں شامل ہوجاتے ہیں بلکہ اپنے آس پاس کے لوگوں کو بھی ملوث کرنا چاہتے ہیں۔اچھی سوچ وبصیرت کا مالک ایسے گندے کام سے کراہت محسوس کرتا ہے اور خود کو غلاظت سے پاک رکھتا ہے۔خواہ وہ کوئی بھی ہوکیونکہ وہ انسانی حدود کو جانتا ہے لیکن کچھ جو انسانی حدود سے نکل کر جنسی آزادی کو خود پر لازم اور خود کو آزاد سمجھتے ہیں وہ خود کو حیوانیت کی حدود سے باہر خارج کردیتے ہیں۔اس آزادی کا نام ہم جنس پرستی ہے۔ایسے ہی فلسفے کا پرچار کرنے والے یہ لوطی کسی بھی رکاوٹ کے دائرے میں نہیں آتے اور اپنی تسکین کے لئے ، ہر رشتے کو خود کے لیے جائزاور حلال سمجھتے ہیں۔ یہ سراسر شیطانی وصف ہے۔ رحمانی وحی کے خلاف ہے یہ کام اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو اشرف المخلوقات بنایا ہے مگر انسان اپنا عرفان بھول چکا ہے۔جو ذہن ہدایت سے اندھا ہوچکا ہے تو اس کی آنکھیں،کان،زبان سب بیکار ہیں وہ اپنے آپ کو جہنم کی آگ کا ایندھن بنا لیتا ہے۔ارشاد باری تعالیٰ ہے :

سورت الاعراف کی آیات کا ترجمہ:آیات 81،80

’’اور جب لوط نے اپنی قوم سے کہا کہ تم لوگ ایسی بے حیائی کرتے ہو جوتم لوگوں سے پہلے دونوں ہی جہانوں (یعنی انسانوں اور جنوں )میں کسی نے بھی کیاور وہ یہ ہے کہتم لوگ اپنی جنسی خواہش پوری کرنے کیلئے عورتوں کی بجائے مردوں کو استعمال کرتے ہو،تم لوگ تو بالکل ہی حد سے گزر...

Liberal Narrative in Pakistan about India, and its Effect on Universities Students’ Perception towards Terrorism

The key objective of this paper is to find the relationship between the liberal narratives in Pakistan on relationship with India and its effects on universities students’ perception of terrorism. There is a consensus among some prominent scholars that right wing political parties, security establishment and big media houses are producing a kind of national security narrative based on the troika; India as security threat to Pakistan, Islam as rallying cry for national cohesion, and support from great powers to finance ambitious security dominated foreign policy about the neighboring countries that does not help in counter-terrorism at home. This paper has adopted quantitative research method. It is a descriptive study and data was collected from four major public sector universities through survey questionnaires. The liberal narrative on India is weaker in Punjab on all issues. The findings of liberal narratives on India reject the claims of existing literature that there is a positive relationship between liberal narrative about India in Pakistan and counter-terrorism measures in FATA. Three variables researched in case study of Afghanistan reject the existing literature that there is a positive relationship between liberal narrative and counter-terrorism measures.

The Disposition effect in Pakistani investors

Behavioral finance is an emerging field and limited work has been done in this field in the developing countries. This field of study comes into play when the traditional rational theories fail to explain the abnormalities in the market behavior. It incorporates human psychology and sociology to explain market anomalies. In this study, one specific market behavior, disposition effect, is analyzed, which is driven by human psychology. The disposition effect is the tendency of investors to sell winning stocks too early and holding losing stocks for toe long. As per the traditional market theory, a rational investor would sell off stock with falling prices to minimize portfolio losses. However, if intuitive thinking overpowers a rational decision-maker, the investor would want to keep holding on a losing stock in anticipation of the rising in price, thus aggregating portfolio losses. In addition to this, the relationship between the holding period and the illiquidity of the stock is analyzed. It is believed that stocks with greater illiquidity require higher transaction costs to be traded as the bid-ask spread is higher; therefore stocks with greater illiquidity should have longer holding periods. To empirically test these theories, data of the Pakistan Stock Exchange is taken from the fiscal year 2012 to 2017 for all non-financial firms. The variables included are holding period, annual return, illiquidity, market capitalization and volatility of each stock. The data type demands a static panel data analysis, where the unit of the cross-section is each firm and each year is the unit of time-series. The intercept model of the panel data analysis is used to analyze the data using both random effect and fixed-effect model. Pooled OLS regression is also done to get the best results out of all three models. According to literature, there is the problem of simultaneity between the holding period and illiquidity, which causes biased estimates of parameters due to endogeneity. To overcome the issue, a lagged illiquidity instrument is used in place of the endogenous variable. Thus, our estimation method is converted to two-stage least square estimation. The results validate the literature, by showing a positive relationship between the holding period and illiquidity. Furthermore, in the second series of regression, results show that Pakistani investors are rational decision-makers. However, after the sample is dissected, it is shown that investors, who invest in firms with greater trading activity and larger firm size, tend to exhibit disposition effect
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