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مولاناابوالوفاء افغانی

مولانا ابو الوفاء افغانی
معارف کے قارئین مولانا ابوالوفاء افغانی کے نام سے اور کام سے بخوبی واقف ہیں ان کی پیدائش افغانستان میں ہوئی، لیکن تعلیمی مراحل ہندوستان میں طے ہوئے اور یہاں کے باکمال اساتذہ سے استفادہ کیا، زندگی کا بڑا حصہ حیدرآباد میں گزرا، عرصہ تک مدرسہ نظامیہ میں مدرس رہے، فقہ حنفی سے خاص مناسبت تھی اور امام ابوحنیفہ ان کے تلامذہ اور ائمہ احناف سے بے حد عقیدت تھی، لجنۃ احیاء المعارف العثمانیہ ان کی اس عقیدت کی گواہ ہے، انھوں نے قاضی ابو یوسف امام محمد اور شمس لائمہ سرخسی کی کتابیں ڈھونڈ کر جمع کیں، بڑی دیدہ ریزی کے ساتھ مختلف نسخوں کا مقابلہ کیا، جان کا ہی کے ساتھ ان کی تصحیح کی، حواشی لکھے، انڈکس بنائے اور حسن و خوبی کے ساتھ طباعت کا انتظام کیا، وہ پرانے مدرسوں کے پڑھے ہوئے تھے، لیکن نئے محققین بھی ان کا لوہا مانتے تھے، افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ ماہ علم و تحقیق کی یہ شمع خاموش ہوگئی، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو اپنی رحمتوں سے سرفراز فرمائے اور ان کے بیش بہاکاموں کے جاری رکھنے کا انتظام فرمائے۔
(عبد السلام قدوائی ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۷۵ء)

 

الرّسم العثماني وأثره على المعاني القرآنية

The Holy Qur’an is miraculous in its words, methods, organization, statements, drawings and writing, as cited and agreed by all researchers, we aim through this research to: define the Ottoman drawing in Arabic language, terminologically, demonstrating its benefits, the rule of commitment to it, weighing between sayings, demonstrating its six rules, explaining and discussing the differences between the Quranic words drawings and mentioning several examples. The most important results of this research are: 1- The opinion which comforts one's self is the commitment to Ottoman drawing, and not to be written by modern spelling methods. 2- The Ottoman drawing has multiple benefits and advantages, which are not available in any other, so that it attracts commitment and reservation. 3- It has a very significant concurrence between the drawing and the meaning of the words and verses of Quran. 4- The Qura’nic word drawing strengthens the meaning and gives the full dimensions; achieving the honesty of Allah's saying: "and whose words can be truer than those of Allah?". 5- The letters' contiguity of Quranic word, knowing its characteristics embodies the meaning with the best picture. 6- The miracle of Ottoman drawing is a modern issue that Abdalaziz Ad-Dabbagh calls the most famous and the oldest one who declared this.        The most important recommendations made in this article are: 1- Conducting more researches about the benefits of Ottoman drawing, where it still needs more studies to be conducted, and more thoughts and meditations. 2- The spread of Ottoman drawing commitment culture between Quran teachers and students. 3- Obligating all Quranic associations that adopts Quran writing to write in Ottoman drawing, and prevent any other forms of writing. 4- Obligating all students and researchers to depend on Ottoman drawing through their studies and researches; which establishes a promotion to spread its culture. 5- Guiding the researchers for more studies on this topic, throughout a focused studies and clear scientific plans.

Classroom Environment Leading to Democracy and Social Responsibility at Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

“Classroom Environment Leading to Democracy and Social Responsibility at Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa” was quite a new study in this region. Since, the study was descriptive, the objectives of the study were: (1) to explore the social environment of the classroom at secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; (2) to investigate the organizational environment of the classroom at secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; (3) to analyze classroom environment leading to democracy at secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and (4) to find out the classroom environment leading to social responsibility at secondary level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. All 302,170 Secondary School Heads, Secondary School Teachers and Secondary School Students constituted the population for this study. A stratified sample of 1260 was selected through random sampling technique. Questionnaires were used as research instrument for the collection of data. The collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted category wise by comparing responses of the three groups, Principals/Head Masters, Secondary School Teachers and Secondary School Students. To analyze the data, Chi-Square test was used as a contingency test and percentages were used. The responses were tested at significance level of 0.05. On the basis of analysis it was discovered that majority of the respondents were of the opinion that they had interaction with the teachers/students and they expressed themselves freely. The classrooms environment was co-operative and competitive. Teachers’ behavior was friendly. Teachers shared the classroom responsibility. Physical structure of class was attractive. Classes were ventilated and lighted. Schools were providing productive students. Students were the active participants of the community. Students were given opportunities to participate in the major and the minor issues of the classrooms. Classroom curriculum instilled democratic values. xviiIt was recommended that level of interaction may be increased. Teachers should be provided co-operative and competitive environment for the promotion of democracy and social responsibility. Teachers should plan properly in the classroom for promoting democracy. Teachers should be given proper training for teaching democracy. Curriculum must be shaped to inculcate democratic values in students, so that the students become the democratic agents of positive change in the society.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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