موضوع9: میرا جی
میراجی، جن کا اصل نام محمد ثناء اللہ تھا۔ منشی محمد مہتاب الدین کے ہاں 25 مئی، 1912ء کو لاہور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ پہلے ’’ساحری‘‘ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ لیکن ایک بنگالی لڑکی ’’میرا سین‘‘ کے یک طرفہ عشق میں گرفتار ہو کر ’’میراجی‘‘ تخلص اختیار کر لیا۔ میراجی کی ذات سے ایسے واقعات وابستہ ہیں کہ ان کی ذات عام آدمی کے لیے ایک افسانہ بن کر رہ گئی ہے۔ اْن کا حلیہ اور ان کی حرکات و سکنات ایسی تھیں کہ یوں معلوم ہوتا تھا انہوں نے سلسلہ ملامتیہ میں بیعت کر لی ہے۔ لمبے لمبے بال ،بڑی بڑی مونچھیں، گلے میں مالا، شیروانی پھٹی ہوئی، اوپر نیچے بیک وقت تین پتلونیں، اوپر کی جب میلی ہو گئی تو نیچے کی اوپر اور اوپر کی نیچے بدل جاتی۔ شیروانی کی دونوں جیبوں میں بہت کچھ ہوتا۔ کاغذوں اور بیاضوں کا پلندہ بغل میں دابے بڑی سڑک پر پھرتا تھااور چلتے ہوئے ہمیشہ ناک کی سیدھ میں دیکھتا تھا۔ وہ اپنے گھر اپنے محلے اور اپنی سوسائٹی کے ماحول کو دیکھ دیکھ کر کڑتا تھا اس نے عہد کر رکھا تھا کہ وہ اپنے لیے شعر کہے گا۔ صرف 38 سال کی عمر میں 3 نومبر، 1949ء کو انتقال کرگئے۔ اس مختصر سی عمر میں میراجی کی تصانیف میں ’’مشرق و مغرب کے نغمے‘‘ ’’اس نظم میں ‘‘’’نگار خانہ‘‘’’خیمے کے آس پاس‘‘ شامل ہیں۔ جبکہ میراجی کی نظمیں، گیت ہی گیت، پابند نظمیں اور تین رنگ بھی شاعری کے مجموعے ہیں۔
میرا جی کا ادبی سرمایہ
شعری تصانیف:
• میرا جی کے گیت:1943 • میرا جی کی نظمیں:1944
• گیت ہی گیت:1944 • پابند نظمیں:1968
• تین رنگ:1968
تراجم:
• مشرق و مغرب کے نغمے
• خیمے کے آس پاس (رباعیات عمر خیام)
• بھرتری ہری کے چند شتکوں کے تراجم
• نگار خانہ(داموورگپت...
Poverty is a global issue, particularly, related to the developing countries. The whole world is taking measures to eradicate it. People have different types of talent to earn money. Some are skilled, some have good entrepreneurship ideas and some others are good at manual work. We find that a great number of such skilled people are suffering from lack of resources in Pakistan and therefore not properly able to exert their skills to their utmost. Pakistan, being a developing country, is suffering from the issue of poverty. Many efforts were made for the alleviation of poverty during various regimes. Pakistan People’s Party introduced the Benazir Income Support Program. The same program has been maintained by the present Muslim League (Nawaz) government, due to its so-called utility. However, the fact is that its utility is not promising, as the meager amount given to the needy ones consumes in the daily expenditures and produces no lasting good. Contrary to this thesis of alms-giving, an anti-thesis is provided by the tradition of the Holy Prophet, Muhammad (S. A. W), which emphasizes the provision of interest-free loan. The loan without interest, can enable a person to run his or her business, according to his or her capacity and the person can become independent. The present paper explores the prospects that how interest-free loan is more effective in removing poverty than alms-giving on a regular basis by the government.
Disruptions in manufacturing processes can cause severe impacts on process efficiency and down time that adversely affect production costs. These anomalies/disruptions, in any automated process, have negative impacts on consumer centric values, high rejection of raw materials and overall cost. Mostly the effects of disruptions are propagated and cascaded in the whole assembly line by blockage and starvation caused by disruptive workstation. The accurate analysis of the aftermath of each disruption is the key to proper allocation of resources and downtime mitigation. Process down time can be reduced by monitoring manufacturing processes for faults, categorizing those faults and prioritizing actions. Disruption handling has been the aim of many researchers of the past decade. Many of these techniques have been fruitful in many aspects, nevertheless these techniques are based on a static mathematical models and pre-defined manner. This practice does not consider the process dynamically based on process status and sometimes becomes the source of false alarms, batch rejection, increase in the overall cost decrease in process efficiency. The issues relating disruptions and their solutions has been the primary aim of the presented work. Four subsequent models have been developed pertaining to disruptions. The first model in this scenario is Agent Based Fault Tolerant Framework. This model dynamically evaluates disruptions based on the process weightage. Human immune system presents an astounding grounds and example for developing Artificial Immune system, wherein the disruptions caused by viruses and bacteria is addressed by deploying B and T cells, which either destroys the pathogen (virus or bacteria) by killing it (Phagocytosis) or renders it harmless. Inspired from that, a second model analogous to Human Immune System is developed for industrial applications, to deal with disruptions. Flexibility in the Alarm Trip Point (ATP) is yet another fascinating technique that introduces flexibility in the defined ATP based on the statuses of adjacent workstations. The implementation of this model shows promising results. Finally, an augmented model has been developed which combines first and second model to overcome some of the limitations of previous models and is implemented on a test rig. This model presented outstanding results in comparison to the established approaches.