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رئیس احمد جعفری

رئیس احمد جعفری
سید نجیب اشرف صاحب مرحوم کی موت کا زخم ابھی تازہ تھا کہ ندوے کے ایک اور نامور فرزند رئیس احمد جعفری نے بھی داغ مفارقت دیا، اکتوبر کی آخری تاریخوں میں پاکستان میں ان کا انتقال ہوا، جوار لکھنؤ کا قصبہ خیرآباد ان کا وطن تھا، مشہور شاعر، ریاض خیر آبادی کے نواسے تھے، راقم جب ندوہ میں آخری درجوں میں تھا، مرحوم ابتدائی درجوں میں تھے، عربی کی تعلیم کے بعد جامعہ ملیہ میں انگریزی کی تعلیم حاصل کی، پھر خلافت اخبار بمبئی کے اڈیٹوریل اسٹاف میں ملازم ہوگئے، بعد میں اس کے اڈیٹر بھی ہوگئے تھے، قیام پاکستان کے بعد لاہور چلے گئے۔
مرحوم میں تالیف و تصنیف کا ذوق فطری تھا، طالب علمی کے زمانے میں بھی خامہ فرسائی کیا کرتے تھے، ان کے قلم میں بڑا زور تھا، جس پر ان کی پہلی تصنیف سیرت محمد علی شاہد ہے، اس وقت ان کی عمر پچیس چھبیس سال سے زیادہ نہ رہی ہوگی، بڑے زودنویس تھے، ان کا قلم ہمیشہ رواں دواں رہتا تھا، بڑی بڑی ضخیم کتابیں چند دن میں لکھ ڈالتے تھے، ادب و افسانے سے لے کر تاریخ و مذہبیات تک میں ان کے قلم کی جولانی یکساں تھی، ہر صنف میں ان کی تصانیف موجود ہیں، اس دور کے مصنفین میں کثرت تصانیف کے لحاظ سے ان کا نام سرفہرست ہوگا، ادارہ ثقافت اسلامیہ لاہور کے قیام کے بعد اس سے متعلق ہوگئے تھے، اور اس کے لیے کئی کتابیں لکھیں، اس کے رسالہ ثقافت اسلامیہ حال المعارف میں ان کے مضامین نکلتے رہتے تھے، اس کے تازہ اکتوبر نمبر میں بھی ان کا ایک مضمون ’’عالم اسلام سے مسلمانان برعظیم کی وابستگی‘‘ شائع ہوا ہے، کیا خبر تھی کہ یہ ان کا آخری مضمون ہے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۶۸ء)

معاشرتی امن و امان میں پختون روایتی مصالحت اور تحکیم کا کردار: ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ

To maintain and enhance social peace and mutual interaction among people it is mandatory to resolve their mutual conflicts. The eradication of mutual conflicts and working for reconciliation is obligatory on the Muslims. Al-mighty Allah has declared reconciliation and resolution of conflicts among all the Muslims as legitimate action. There are numerous verses of the Holy Quran and Hadith of the Prophet where Muslims have been ordered for reconciliation aiming to promote brotherhood and peace in society. The main rationale behind this is to bring harmony and peace in the social order of life. What are the pre-requisites of reconciliation from Sharia’s perspective, in which conflict reconciliation is permissible and in which cases it is not allowed. This study emphasizes to answer the above mentioned question. Furthermore, efforts have been made to provide a sharia’s foundation for those who are involved in the process of reconciliation in the form of Taḥkīm. This will not only encourage them, but will help in the maintenance of peace in the society. Similarly, a comparison will also be made between the merits and demerits of Pakhtūn’s traditional reconciliation process, and important suggestions will be made to make the Pakhtūn’s traditional reconciliation process more productive and valuable.

Evaluation of Acer Pentapomincum for Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles, its Characterization, Pharmacological Importance and Micropropagation

Acer pentapomicum (Family Aceraceae) is commonly known as maple plant. The aim of the study was to evaluate A. pentapomicum for biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles, its characterization, pharmacological importance and micro propagation. A. pentapomicum leaves mediated gold and silver nano-particles were successfully synthesized by reacting 1ml of aqueous leaves extract with different ratios of 1mM AuCl3 and AgNo3 solutions. The synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles were confirmed and characterized by visual observation, UV-Visible-spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR analysis. Color change from yellowish to dark purple and to reddish brown confirmed the gold and silver nanoparticles synthesis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNps) were stable at 25-35°C, at pH 7-8 and in the presence of millimolar salt (NaCl) solution. Biosynthesized nanoparticles display a characteristic surface plasmon resonance at 568nm (AuNps) and 450nm (AgNps) in UV-Visible spectrum. SEM and EDX analysis also confirmed the presence and synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles with spherical morphology. XRD patterns reveals the cubic, face centered, crystalline nature of gold and silver nanoparticles. The leaves mediated silver nanoparticles, however, were efficiently produced at a temperature range of 35-55°C and an optimum pH of 6-7. The average size of the synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles found to be in the range of 18-25nm. The FTIR analysis of gold and silver nanoparticles affirmed the presence of certain biomolecules (carboxylic acid, flavonoids, phenols) that act as reducing and capping agent for leaves mediated nanoparticles synthesis. Agar well diffusion method was carried out for potent biocidal activities of gold and silver nanoparticles against different bacterial, fungal and candida strains. Both synthesized nanoparticles showed potent bactericidal, fungicidal and candidacidal activities. However, Klebseilla pneumonia with growth inhibition of 91% was the most susceptible microbe to gold nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activities of A. pentapomicum (leaves and stem) extracted with different organic solvents were also evaluated using Agar disc diffusion and well diffusion bioassay. Leaves extracted samples showed better biocidal activities than stem extracted samples. The most susceptible bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (79-94%) and Escherichia coli (87-91%), while, the least susceptible was Staphylococcus aureus (26-50%). Citrobacter freundi was the most resistant microbe to different plant extracts. Aspergillus niger was the most inhibited fungal species by both stems and leaves extracts followed by Rizopus oryzae. Regarding the antioxidant activity, different plant extracts and its synthesized nanoparticles possessed proficient antioxidant activity. However, methanolic extract of leaves and ethyl acetate extract of stem recorded maximum antioxidant activity. Gold nanoparticles showed better antioxidant activity than silver nanoparticles. When evaluated for phytotoxic activity, all plant extracts proved to be toxic against Lemna minor, revealing Butanol extract with maximum toxicity (87%). The qualitative analysis of different solvent extracted fractions confirmed the presence of various phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, fixed oil, carbohydrates, and proteins etc. A successful micro propagation protocol for the shooting was developed and it was found that full strength woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with BAP + IAA (2+0.5 mg l-1), recorded maximum shoot induction. Based on these results the plant can be efficiently used for safe, ecofriendly nanoparticles production, and as a biocidal, an antioxidant and a herbicidal agent.
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