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ڈاکٹر محمد مصطفےٰ زرقاء

ڈاکٹر محمد مصطفےٰ زرقاء
گزشتہ دنوں عالم عرب کے ممتاز ماہر فقہ ڈاکٹر محمد مصطفےٰ زرقاء نے بھی اس جہاں فانی کو خیر باد کہا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
ڈاکٹر صاحب اسلامی فقہ وقانون میں سند کا درجہ رکھتے تھے، ان کی کتاب المدخل الفقھی العام اصول فقہ میں نہایت بلند پایہ خیال کی جاتی اور مرجع و ماخذ کی حیثیت رکھتی ہے، وہ اپنی غیر معمولی فقہی بصیرت کی بنا پر شام میں وزیر انصاف کے عہدہ پر بھی فائز ہوئے۔ ان کے عالمانہ و محققانہ مضامین کے اردو رسالوں میں ترجمے برابر چھپتے رہتے تھے معارف کو بھی ان کے مضامین کے ترجموں کی اشاعت کا فخر حاصل ہے۔ مجلہ البعث الاسلامی لکھنو میں ان کے متعدد مضامین شایع ہوئے ہیں۔ فقہ کے علاوہ دوسرے اسلامی علوم خصوصاً تفسیر و حدیث سے بھی ان کو خاص مناسبت تھی۔ الولدسرلابیہ کے مصداق ان کے فرزند ارجمند ڈاکٹر محمد انس زرقا بھی فقہ اسلامی کے ممتاز اسکالر ہیں جن کے بعض مضامین کا ترجمہ معارف میں شایع ہوچکا ہے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ علم و دین کے اس خادم کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ آمین!! (عارف عمری، اگست ۱۹۹۹ء)

 

وکالت کی تحقیق فقہاء کرام کی نظرمیں

There has been described the meaning of Wakalat and its type. Who can be agent? What are the conditions of it? How it can be used? Where it is used? How it can be eliminated? What is the status of it in Current kinds of Cards? In which things the wakalat will be eligible. Allah has permitted for wakalat as it was mentioned in this article, because it is a necessary need of a human being without it one never can do all around his works, issues and important goods. For Wakalat it is very credible that Wakeel must has experience in the relevant subject without experience he can give countless loss for his Mowakkil, as well as be eligible, trustful, honest, sensible, aware of current affairs. Existence of wakalat has been described by all jurispru-dence and religious scholars divided Wakalat in two types (1) common Wakalat (2) special Wakalat and their command according to the holy Quraan and sunnat. What is the command of wakalat in almighty Allah’s affairs? Is it allowed or prohibited according to the Islamic point of view.  

Improving the Performance of Maize Zea Mays L. by Silicon Application under Drought Condition

Water shortage on our globe has very deleterious effects on food security. Judicious use of water for crops seems very wise in the current scenario of water scarcity. Huge research work is required to investigate how can we grow crops with less amount of water? To determine the solution for such kinds of problems this research project was designed. The research project entitled, “Improving the performance of maize (Zea mays L.) by silicon application under drought condition” was carried out at Postgraduate Agricultural Research Station (PARS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. In the first pot experiment screening of maize hybrids (P-33H25, S-8441, FH-985, ICI-8288, YH-1921, R-3333, FH-963, FH-810) against drought was carried out. Moisture levels of 100%, 80% and 60% field capacity were maintained. From this experiment the most tolerant (P-33H25) and most sensitive (FH-810) maize hybrids against drought were screened out. In the second pot experiment four silicon levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) were optimized under moisture levels of 100% and 60% field capacity maintained. The optimized silicon level (100 mg/kg) was selected for further study. The third pot experiment was conducted to investigate the improvement in drought stressed maize hybrids by exogenous application of silicon. The two selected hybrids from the first experiment were sown under two moisture regimes (100% and 60% field capacity). In this experiment silicon level i.e. 100 mg/kg (optimized in experiment II) was used. Drought was imposed two weeks after emergence and maintained. The fourth experiment was conducted under field condition with two selected maize hybrids (P-33H25 and FH- 810) and two irrigation regimes (100% and 60% FC) from the 1 st experiment and two silicon levels (0 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) from 2 nd experiment. In this experiment moisture application was maintained at 100 or 60% field capacity. In this experiment the maize crop was sown for two years 2010 and 2011 in both seasons i.e. spring and autumn. The data regarding morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were recorded by following standard procedures. The analysis of data from the first experiment showed that mild and severe drought had deleterious effects on various morphological and physiological parameters. However, root fresh and dry weight enhanced under mild drought while decreased under severe water limited condition. On the basis of dry matter production the most drought tolerant (P-33H25) and drought sensitive (FH-810) maize hybrids were screened out. In the second experiment best suited silicon level (100 mg/kg) was optimized on the basis of dry matter production. In the third experiment drought severely affected the morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes of maize hybrids. However, silicon application improved the various agronomic attributes, yield and yield components. The same study was conducted in field as that of third experiment to investigate the effect of silicon on maize hybrids grown under water limited condition. Significant effects of silicon application were observed on various agronomic, physiological, yield and yield related parameters. However, further research is required to investigate the silicon mediated drought tolerance in maize hybrids.
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