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حسرت ہی رہی مجھ پہ و ہ احسان کرے گا

حسرت ہی رہی مجھ پہ وہ احسان کرے گا
دیدار سے ہر درد کا درمان کرے گا

ہے عید کا دن آج وہ نکلے گا سنور کے
وہ عید کے دن حشر کا سامان کرے گا

بے چین مرے دل نہ رقیبوں سے ہوا کر
دشمن ہے تو ہر حال میں نقصان کرے گا

بیمارِ محبت ہے نکل جائے مطب سے
یہ اور مریضوں کو پریشان کرے گا

تائبؔ سے کبھی جان کو تو مانگ کے تو دیکھ
سو بار ترے نام پہ قربان کرے گا

لسان العرب کا تعارفی و تحقیقی مطالعہ

The dictionaries have played a vital role in understating and preserving any language. Arabic is a Semitic language; it has a large, deep and rich history. The Arabs have always tried to keep the Arabic language safe, but all these efforts were verbal, they did not have a tradition of writing in pre Islamic era. After the Islam they focused on writing and began the writing activities such as: exegesis of Quranic verses, Hadith and explanation of some difficult words used in Quranic verses. In the 2nd century, the first initial stage of Arabic dictionary writing began with the efforts of Al-Khalil, who is considered as a founder of Arabic dictionary writing. After that, language scholars created a great work in promotion of Arabic dictionary. Of these scholars Ibn Manzoor who sacrificed his life for the preserving Arabic language through his writing and research. And his valuable and great benefit book (Lisan-al-Arab) which is considered one of the most important source on said subject. In this Paper, we have presented an introductory and detailed study of his said book, So that Urdu readers can benefit from this scholarly investment.

Secondary School Students Attitudes Towards Mathematics

This small-scale research study set out with two purposes. The first purpose of the study was to investigate the difference between public and private school students' attitudes towards mathematics at the secondary level in Quetta, Pakistan. Another aim of the study was to find out whether there is a difference between male and female students' attitudes towards mathematics. The population in this study consisted of (n = 387) students of ninth grade selected through stratified random sampling from twelve secondary schools. Data was collected through an adapted questionnaire 'Attitudes Toward Mathematics Inventory' (ATMI) (Tapia, 1996) that consisted of 40 statements arranged under four subscales (self-confidence, value, enjoyment, and motivation). Students were asked to indicate their degree of agreement with each statement in the ATMI, from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree'. Data were analysed using the non-parametric equivalent of the independent t-test. The results of the study indicated that there were no significant differences between public and private school students' attitudes towards mathematics at the secondary level. Results at subscale level also revealed that no significant differences between the public and private systems were found except for the subscale 'value of mathematics'. Furthermore, the results of the study indicated that there were significant differences between male and female students, where male students reported to have a significantly high degree of positive attitude towards mathematics as compared to their female counterparts. Interestingly, results in each school type also revealed that male students claimed to have a more positive attitude towards mathematics than female students. The results of the study provide significant insights into male and female students' attitudes towards the discipline in both public and private secondary schools. Based on the results of the study, some recommendations have been put forward for policy and practice. Furthermore, the results of the study can be used as a baseline for further research.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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