Search from the Journals, Articles, and Headings
Advanced Search (Beta)
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...
Loading...

بھانویں سوکھا سریا نہیں

بھانویں سوکھا سریا نئیں
جیوندا ہاں میں مریا نئیں

سجناں مورے کیتے سَن
تاہیوں بیڑا تریا نئیں

میرے حال تے اِنج نہ ہس
ڈگیاں واں میں ہریا نئیں

منیا! بہت سیانا ایں
گھاہ تے میں وی چریا نئیں

ربا! تیرے ہندیاں وی
کیہڑا دکھ میں جریا نئیں

اج مزدوری لبھی سی
ڈھڈ تے فیر وی بھریا نئیں

رب نے اوہنوں کھویا تے
رب توں فیر میں ڈریا نئیں

The Need of Efficient Water Management in Pakistan

Water is a sign of life, all living beings need it to remain alive. It is natural commodity and three fourth of this planet is water. Still not all is suitable for human consumption and sufficient to meet the ever increasing demands. Availability and supply of water is getting scarce with increasing population of states especially the developing societies. If we look at the history of life on this planet, we find that the humanity has suffered disasters on acquisition and possession of natural resources which are vital for survival of one group, may be at the cost of others. Water falls in that category where if not properly managed its scarcity and stress would lead to unending conflicts and wars till demands equals the supply with the destruction of extra consumptions. Solution to the disastrous situation is in efficient management of water. The efficient and effective management combines awareness and justified storage and distribution of water by the states within their domains. Modern technology and management provides solutions for this efficient management of water by the states. ______

Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Two Genetically Diverse Spring Wheat Triticum Aestivum L. Cultivars for Salt Tolerance

Hydroponic experiments were conducted to appraise variation in the salt tolerance potential of two wheat cultivars (salt tolerant, S-24 and moderately salt sensitive MH-97) at different growth stages. Salinity stress caused a marked reduction in plant biomass and grain yield of both wheat cultivars. However, cv. S-24 was superior to cv. MH-97 in maintaining higher plant biomass and grain yield under saline stress. Furthermore, salinity caused a significant variation in different physiological attributes measured at different growth stages. For example, salt stress caused a marked reduction in net photosynthetic and transpiration rate in both wheat cultivars but to a varying extent at different growth stages. Higher photosynthetic and transpiration rates were recorded at the boot stage than at other growth stages in both wheat cultivars. The response of other gas exchange attributes was also variable at different growth stages. Salt sensitive wheat cultivar MH-97 was more prone to salt-induced adverse effects on gas exchange attributes as compared to cv. S-24. Salt stress caused considerable reduction in different water relation attributes of wheat plants. A significant reduction in leaf water, osmotic and turgor potentials was recorded in both wheat cultivars at different growth stages. Maximal reduction in leaf water potential was recorded at the reproductive stage in both wheat cultivars. In contrast, maximal turgor potential was observed at the boot stage. Salt-induced adverse effects of salinity on different water relation attributes were more prominent in cv. MH-97 as compared to those in cv. S-24. The integrity of PS II was greatly perturbed in both wheat cultivars at different growth stages and this salt-induced damage to PS II was more in cv. MH-97. A significant alteration in different biochemical attributes was also observed in both wheat cultivars at different growth stages. For example, salt stress caused a substantial decrease in chlorophyll pigments, ascorbic acid, phenolics and tocopherols. In contrast, it increased the endogenous levels of ROS (H2O2), MDA, total soluble proteins, proline, glycine betaine and activities of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, POD, CAT, APX). These biochemical attributes exhibited significant salt-induced variation at different growth stages in both wheat cultivars. For example, maximum accumulation of glycine betaine and proline was recorded at the early growth stages (vegetative and boot). However, cv. S-24 showed higher accumulation of these two organic osmolytes and this could be the reason for maintenance of higher turgor than that of cv. MH-97 under stress conditions. The activities of various enzymatic antioxidants increased markedly in both wheat cultivars, particularly at the vegetative stage. However, cv. S-24 exhibited consistent increase in the activities of various enzymatic antioxidants, whereas, this phenomena occurred erratically in cv. MH-97 at different growth stages. Salt stress significantly increased the endogenous levels of toxic ions (Na+and Cl-) and decreased essential cations (K+ and Ca2+) in both wheat cultivars at different growth stages. Furthermore, K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios decreased markedly due to salt stress in both wheat cultivars at different growth stages and this salt-induced reduction was more prominent in cv. MH-97. Moreover, higher K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios were recorded at early growth stages in both wheat cultivars. It can be inferred from the results that wheat plants are more prone to adverse effects of salinity stress at early growth stages than that at the reproductive stage.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.