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تیسرا باب: عہد اسلامی سے عصر حاضر تک

مسلم دور حکومت کے یہودی

باب سوم کے اہم نکات

  1. عہد نبویؐ کے یہودی مسلم تعلقات۔
  2. عہد عمر میں یروشلم کی حالت۔
  3. عہد عباسی میں یہودیوں کی حالت۔
  4. یہودیت کا عہد زریں۔
  5. موحدون کا یہودیوں پر جبر۔
  6. فاطمی دور کے حالات۔
  7. عثمانی دور میں یہودیوں کی خوشحالی۔
  8. یورپی یہودیوں کی بے کسی۔
  9. سامی مخالفت اور نازی جرمنی۔
  10. قیام اسرائیل کے صیہونی اقدام۔
  11.  عرب اسرائیل کشیدگی۔
          عرب کے ریگستانوں میں جہاں کبھی ابراہیمؑ کے بڑے بیٹے اسماعیلؑ کی قوم جا بسی تھی وہیں 570 عیسوی میں محمد ﷺ کی پیدائش ہوئی۔ ان کے پیروکار انہیں آخری نبی مانتے ہیں اور ان کی لائی ہوئی کتاب، قرآن مجید کو الہامی سمجھتے ہیں۔ مسیحؑ کی طرح ان کی شخصیت بھی بہت اہمیت کی حامل ہے تاہم یہودیت کی اس مختصر تاریخ میں آپؐ سے متعلق انہیں واقعات کو فوقیت دی گئی ہے جو مجموعی طور پر یہودی قوم سے متعلق ہیں۔ یہودیت اور مسیحیت ہی کی طرح آپ ﷺ کے لائے ہوئے مذہب یعنی اسلام نے بھی ایک خدا کی عبادت پر زور دیتے ہوئے شرک سے منع کیا۔ چونکہ یہ مذہب خود کو ملت ابرہیمی سے جوڑتے ہوئے ابراہیمؑ کو مسلمان گردانتا ہے، چنانچہ اس کے لیے یہودی و مسیحی بھی محترم تھے۔ قرآن مجید نے ان کے لیے "اہلِ کتاب" کی اصطلاح تجویز کی۔ مسلمانوں کے تحت یہود کے ایک بڑے طبقے نے مختلف علاقوں میں مجموعی طور پر 638 عیسوی سے لے کر تقریباً 1922عیسوی تک کا عرصہ گزارا۔

عہد نبویؐ

          آپ ﷺ کی پیدائش مکہ میں ہوئی جہاں سے وہ اپنے ہم قوموں کے مظالم کی وجہ سے ہجرت کر کے یثرب آ بسے جو بعد میں...

معاصر تعلیمی نظام میں

The idea of less punishment is accepted internationally and very rapid implementation is observed as in various countries the strong punishment like death sentence is avoided. Likewise a slogan of "Love rather than punishment "is implemented within Education Department of Pakistan. The history of last few years proved that the said slogan affected our moral training and education process very badly. As there is no fear of punishment naturally a person diverts towards easiness and ultimately goes towards laziness. To save the nation from this alarming situation, it becomes necessary to obey the teachings of Holy prophet (PBUH) about the training and educating the human being. In these teachings the combination of love and fear is the basic element of the social training. Both of the methods have importance, love creates interest and fear of punishment develops the habit of hard working. This Islamic principle is a universal truth because the success is the result of interest and hardworking of the individuals. Therefore the slogan of "Love rather than punishment must be avoided, as it has negative effects upon the personality. The golden teachings of Holy Prophet (PBUH) which have the positive effects upon the personality and are proved to be the need of the day.

Detection of Asymptomatic Patients of Malaria in Kohat District of Pakistan

Background Kohat district is one of the low to medium intensity malaria transmission areas in Pakistan where asymptomatic carriers are likely to form a reservoir of infection. This study was done to explore the possibility of using microscopy, rapid device testing (RDT), low-cost in house real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and End point fluorometry (EPF) for detection of malaria in the asymptomatic immediate family members of patients of malaria (homestead) and in a sample from the general population of Kohat. Objectives 1. To evaluate the feasibility of screening of malaria by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 18S Small Subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSUrRNA gene) in the diagnosed patients of malaria. 2. To evaluate the usefulness of PCR for SSUrRNA gene of malaria parasite in detection of suspected asymptomatic carriers of malaria. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at Combined Military Hospital Kohat and Molecular Lab of Riphah International University, Islamabad from Jan - Dec 2015. A total of 1000 individuals including 200 microscopy positive patients of malaria, 400 asymptomatic immediate family members (homestead) of the symptomatic patients of malaria and 400 apparently healthy controls were tested by microscopy, RDT and RT-PCR and RT- PCR followed by EPF. Results In the 200 microscopy positive patients of malaria 190 (95%) were positive by RDT and all were positive by RT-PCR. In the 400 individuals from the homestead of patients of malaria six (1.5%) individuals showed malarial parasite on microscopy, RDT failed to pick any individual with malaria and 32 (8%) were positive for malaria on RT-PCR. On fluorometry all of the RT-PCR positive results were positive and the negative results were negative. The difference in the frequency of malaria in the homestead versus general population was very significant (p = 0.0002) and the relative risk of malaria was 4.0 times higher (95% CI: 1.87 to 8.57). Conclusion The chances of detecting asymptomatic carriers of malaria is significantly higher in the homestead of malaria patients than in the general population and for this purpose low cost RT-PCR with End Point Fluorometry can be very useful in the diagnosis of malaria especially with low parasitemia.
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