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حسن نگر کے سارے پنچھی مر جائیں گے

حسن نگر کے سارے پنچھی مر جائیں گے
عکس تمھارے حشر بپا سا کر جائیں گے

ہجر وصال کے جھگڑوں سے ہم دور بہت ہیں
رقص جنوں کی رسم تو پوری کر جائیں گے

تجھ پر مرنے والوں کی تو بات ہی کیا ہے
مرتے مرتے آخر اک دن مر جائیں گے

تیری تان پہ جھومیں گے یہ سب دیوانے
اور نچھاور اپنا سب کچھ کر جائیں گے

قیس میاں کے قصے بھی ہم جانتے ہیں سب
تم سمجھے ہم عشق میں شاید ڈر جائیں گے

پاگل لڑکی شعر جنوں کا قصہ ہے سن!
کون سنے گا جب کردار مکر جائیں گے

TELETHERAPY- AN INNOVATIVE WAY OF TREATMENT IN THE FIELD OF OCCUPAIONAL THERAPY IN PAKISTAN

Teletherapy is an emerging and enlarging tool for having treatment in occupational therapy in rehabilitation sciences among occupational therapists all over the world mainly in Pakistan, especially during the era of COVID-19. A lot of studies have been done already highlighting the paramount of teletherapy around the world but it is a new rising mode of treatment in Pakistan coming to light. Therapists and Patients throughout the country making the most of this treatment way respectively and hence this method of treatment while using of technologies is highly being appreciated. The aim of this study is to foster and encourage the use of this technology in third-world countries like Pakistan. It is the most used treatment tool during COVID-19 among occupational therapists all over the country and is highly appreciated in order to cut-down the negative circumstances of a one-to-one session in which therapist and patient is in highly close contact to each other. This course of action has advocate the on-going rehabilitation treatment and has kept away people from COVID-19 expansion to the most extent. In this study, a 5years old boy was included with an under-diagnostic process within the umbrella term of genetic disorder. Having genetic disorder, his sessions were taken in tele-clinic using video call technology during COVID-19. In this process, AOTA Occupational Therapy Tele-Health Decision Guide, AOTA Occupational Profile Template, AOTA Advisory Opinion for the Ethics Commission Teletherapy, i-PiCS-Internet-Based Parent-Implemented Communication Strategies Program, and modeling strategy were followed.

Investigation of Oxidative Stress Enzymes and Histological Alterations in Liver, Spleen, and Heart of Tilapia Exposed to Chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos (ChF) is widely used in agricultural fields and indoor for controlling pests. It sinks in the aquatic sediments and pose toxicity for aquatic organisms including fish. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the oxidative stress enzymes, and histological alterations in the liver, spleen, and heart of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) due to ChF exposure. Median lethal concentration (LC50 24 H) was calculated as 52.78 ?g/l by exposing fish with different acute concentrations (0, 1, 15, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 100 and 150 ?g/l) of ChF. For assessment of sublethal toxicity of ChF, the fish were divided into four groups, one group served as control (C) while three groups (ChF1, ChF2, ChF3,) were exposed to three sublethal doses of ChF. ChF1 group was treated with 3.51 ?g/l (1/15th of LC50) of ChF whereas, ChF2 and ChF3 groups were treated with 5.27 ?g/l (1/10th of LC50) and 10.55 ?g/l (1/5th of LC50) of ChF respectively for 14 days and oxidative stress enzymes, biochemical parameters, behavioral changes and histological alterations were evaluated. It was found that level of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased significantly (p=0.05) in the gills and liver of tilapia treated with sublethal concentrations of ChF. Study of morphological features exposed that fish in the control groupshowed significantly increase in weight and length (p=0.05) as compared to ChF treated fish. The behavioral changes as reduced feeding rate, eratic swimming, increased surface gulping, aggregation in the corner of tank, hemorrhage, and darkening of skin coloration was observed in all ChF treated groups. The significant elevation in level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was observed in all groups treated with different sublethal concentrations of ChF. Histological study of liver tissues shown increased number of kupffer cells, hydropic degeneration, dilated sinusoids, congestion, necrosis, and hemorrhage in liver of fish from all treatment groups. In the spleen of fish exposed to ChF increased number of melanomacrophage centres (MMCs), necrosis, congestion, and hemorrhage was detected. Disorganized muscle fibers, cardiac muscle fiber degeneration, coagulative necrosis, congestion in blood vessel and necrosis was perceived in the heart of ChF treated fish. This study concluded that sublethal concentrations of ChF can induce oxidative stress and histological alterations in the tissues of tilapia.
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