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میں پا برہنہ کھڑا ہوں ، ٹھٹھر رہا ہوں میں

میں پا برہنہ کھڑا ہوں، ٹھٹھر رہا ہوں مَیں
کہ موسموں کے تغیر سے مر رہا ہوں مَیں

عجیب خوف ہے طاری یہاں فضائوں پر
کہ گھر میں ہوتے ہوئے پھر بھی ڈر رہا ہوں مَیں

میں بار بار لٹا بے بسی کے ہاتھوں سے
رہا ہوں ایسے ہی زندہ اگر رہا ہوں مَیں

مرا جنوں مری بربادیوں کا باعث ہے
تو کب کسی پہ یہ الزام دھر رہا ہوں مَیں

سمیٹ سکتے ہو تائبؔ کو تم اگر چاہو
وگرنہ جانِ تمنا بکھر رہا ہوں مَیں

Educational Philosophy Imam Al-Ghazali’s Perspective

Islam is a divine religion. It is based on divine revelation (Holy Quran) and sunnah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. As a religion it is a complete code of life. It does not deal with worships only but addresses all fields of life. Like Beliefs and worship, Islam focuses on education also. As a last and chosen religion, it motivates human beings to seek knowledge. The first word of the first revelation (Chapter Al-alaq) starts with Iqra means Read. In first five ayat of chapter Al-alaq, the basic requirement for enhance of education (Read, knowledge and pen) have been mentioned six times. Similarly, the Holy Prophet r took many steps for imparting education. In this connection, the example of first residential university (Suffa’h) is sufficient. Imam Ghazali one of the most famous Muslim thinkers discusses the education in his books in detail. He was born in 448 AH (1057 CE) at Tabaran a town in the district of Tus, which lies within the Khorasan Province of Iran and died on 18 December (1111 CE). In this article knowledge, its classification, stages, curriculum, art of teaching, responsibility of both teachers as well as students have been discussed in the light of Imam Ghazali educational philosophy.

The Relationship Between Occupational Stress and Organizational Commitment in Non- Governmental Organizations of Pakistan

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS OF PAKISTAN The purpose of this research was to extend the existing body of knowledge on the relationship between occupational stress and employees’ organizational commitment into the context of non-governmental organizations of Pakistan, as little research have been conducted on this relationship in Pakistan. It was a descriptive correlational study in which scientific methodology was used to answer the research questions. Based upon the review of the recent literature available on the subject, a conceptual framework was developed to study the relationship between occupational stress and organizational commitment in the NGO sector in Pakistan. The framework illustrates three dimensions of occupational stress including occupational role stress, personal strain and coping resources and their hypothesized relationship with organizational commitment, as well as the influence of some major demographic factors including age, experience, job position, gender, qualification, income and marital status on the relationship between occupational stress and organizational commitment. Occupational stress inventory-Revised Edition and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire were used to collect data. The overall response rate from the NGO employees was 64%. Several statistical techniques, including arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation analysis, percentile analysis and analysis of variance-ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses of the study. Consistent with prior research, an inverse relationship was found between occupational stress and organizational commitment. The level of occupational stress experienced by NGO employees was found to be high. The occupational roles that employees play were reported as the main source of stress. The level of employees’ organizational commitment was generally moderate but with a tendency towards high. Normative commitment was reported as the strongest form of commitment. Demographic variables of age, experience, job position and income as well as gender significantly influenced the relationship between occupational stress and organizational commitment. This study is significant because of the insights it provides for the NGO managers to better understand the occupational stressors inherent in the functions of their workforce. Furthermore, this study develops an understanding of the commitment process and its relationship with occupational stress to promote commitment among employees and help them achieve their organizational goals effectively. NGO management can utilize the research findings to formulate appropriate strategies to address the stress related problems of their employees.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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