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معیاری مقالے کی خصوصیات

موضوع8:معیاری مقالے کی خصوصیات
تحقیقی مقالہ:
آرتھر کول Arthur Cole نے تحقیق مقالہ کی تعریف یوں کی ہے:
"تحقیق مقالہ اس مکمل رپورٹ کو کہتے ہیں جسے کوئی محقق اپنے تحقیقی کام کا کامیاب تکمیل کے بعد پیش کرتا ہے۔ یہ رپورٹ مطالعے کے تمام مراحل کا احاطہ کرتی ہے، یعنی موضوع کے متعلق ابتدائی سوچ سے لے کر تحقیق کے نتیجے میں حاصل ہونے والے نتائج تک دلائل و براہین کی روشنی میں مرتب ومدون کرکے پیش کیا جاتا ہے۔"
معیاری تحقیقی مقالے کی خصوصیات:
ایک معیاری تحقیقی مقالہ وہ ہوتا ہے جس کی تیاری میں درج ذیل تحقیقی اصولوں کا لحاظ رکھا گیا ہو:
مواد کی ترتیب و تنظیم:
مقالہ نگاری کا ایک اصول یہ ہے کہ موضوع سے متعلق جمع شدہ مواد کو اچھے اسلوب میں مدون و مرتب کیا جائے۔اس کی افادیت یہ بھی ہے کہ ابواب کے عنوان اور ذیلی سرخیاں بنائی جاسکتی ہیں۔
تسوید مقالہ:
مقالہ سے متعلقہ مواد کو منظم و مرتب کرلینے کے بعد اسے لکھنے کی باری آتی ہے۔اس پر پہنچ کر محقق کو اپنے موضوع سے متعلقہ مرتب شدہ مواد کو استعمال کرنا ہوتا ہے۔
آغاز تحریر کے اصول:
فن تحقیق کے ماہرین نے تحریری کام کے آگاز کے چند اصول متعین کررکھے ہیں جوکہ یہ ہیں:
• مقالے کی تحریر کا آغاز براہ راست اپنے موضوع سے کرنا ہی اچھا اور سائنسی طریقہ کار سمجھا جاتا ہے۔ طویل تمہید اور تبصروں سے پرہیز کرنا چاہیئے کیونکہ اس سے مقالے کی ضخامت بڑھ جاتی ہے۔
• کوئی بھی محقق اپنے تحقیقی عمل کے شعبے کے متعلق ساری معلومات رکھتا ہے۔ا سی پر وہ اپنے موضوع اور تحقیقی کام کی بنیاد رکھتا ہے اور اپنے اخذ کردہ نتائج اور تاثرات کو پورے خلوص اور اختصار کے ساتھ پیش کردینا چاہیئے۔
اسلوب تحریر:
معیاری مقالے کے لیے اس کے...

تحديات العولمة للشباب ومواجهتها في ضوء السيرة النبوية

Challenges are part of the ways of life, and the Islamic world is suffering of the rupture and differentiates internal conflicts, and the chaos of thought and delayed civilization. The most prominent of these challenges, which the Islamic world is facing, is the phenomenon of globalization. Which included the three worlds, and sought to dominate them, and melt the people’s properties and this is what precipitated the emergence of numerous drawbacks, and the researcher specially mentioned, negative aspects of identity, ethics and the environment. Young people who are the hope and asset of this nation are able to turn dreams into realities, and hopes to practical projects, and ambitions to the visible achievements. They are worthwhile, and the most capable and powerful to meet these challenges. If they grasp the necessary requirements that qualify and stables them to face it and take advantage of its goodness, and avoid disadvantage. But if they stationed, and failed to do their duty, they offered loss and destruction to themselves and nation. Curriculum should be prepared in accordance with the system of Islamic values, which are the individual configuration integrated, in belief, thought, and behavior, and attention to the development of the curriculum, and make it combines tradition and modernity, and the distinction between fixed and variable, and have superior mental abilities. All these issues are addressed in this research the negative impact of globalization on the environment, ethics and then showed the importance of taking care of the human development of young people, through various training programs that earn young people skills, science, and sophisticated learning methodical thinking, proper planning, and positive participation in society, and carry responsibility, and foster in them the ability to dialogue and to develop in them the spirit of creativity and scientific research and rational dealing with crises, and tribulations, and the ability to solve problems and meet the challenges of globalizatio

Factors Affecting Performance of Polytechnic Teachers and Their Continuation in Teaching Profession in Pakistan

Technical education is a sub sector of our educational system, which starts after secondary level. The objective of technical education is to prepare the youth to be technically competent in a broad range of occupations and to produce trained manpower commensurate with the needs of the industry, to improve its quality to enhance the employment chances of graduates by moving from a static, supply-based system to a demand driven one. All this depends on the polytechnic teachers if they are competent, knowledgeable and satisfied in their profession. This study examined the various factors affecting the performance of polytechnic teachers and their continuation in teaching profession in Pakistan. This study was descriptive in nature and survey format used to gather information. The objectives of this study were to (a)identify the factors which affect the performance of the polytechnic teachers as perceived by principals, teachers and students.(b)determine the relationship among the factors (perceived intrinsic and extrinsic factors) and performance.(c)get opinion of teachers about the factors which cause to leave or continue teaching profession.(d)determine the relationship between performance of polytechnic teachers and their continuation in teaching profession.(e)find out the difference in the performance and continuation of male and female polytechnic teachers in teaching profession. There were 125 colleges of technology; polytechnic and monotechnic institutes functioning in the country. The population of this study consists of the technology teachers working in these institutions. Six male (6x111=666 male teachers), ten female (10x14=140) teachers from each institution, 10 students from each institution (10×125=1250 students) and 125 principals were included in the sample of this study. In order to measure the variables the research instruments (questionnaires) for principals, teachers and students were developed.. Data were collected through questionnaires and collected data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using SPSS by applying chi square, percentages, correlation and t-test in the light of objectives of the study. xvFindings revealed that factors like working conditions, equipment, policies, curriculum, examinations, remuneration, service rules, insufficient funds, facilities, student teacher ratio, fringe benefits, place of posting affect performance of polytechnic teachers. Majority of polytechnic teachers felt that teaching is low paid profession and opportunities for promotion were inadequate. The teachers were also dissatisfied with the social status of teachers in the country and these factors cause the teachers to leave this profession. This study also found that teacher performance was significantly correlated with fringe benefit, staff work load, staff development, management, course content and examination. The performance of teacher was also significantly correlated with teacher continuation in teaching profession. The study also indicated that female teachers performed significantly better than their counterparts. Both male and female teachers had same opinion about their continuation in teaching profession but female teachers mean score was slightly higher than their counterparts
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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